Questions :
Which treaty recognised French sovereignty over Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos ?
Answer: Treaty of Hue
Additional Information
The Treaty of Hue (1884), also known as the Patenôtre Treaty, recognized French sovereignty over Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos, establishing French colonial control in these regions.
### Key Details:
1. Vietnam:
- Signed between France and the Nguyễn Dynasty of Vietnam in 1884.
- Marked the official establishment of French protectorates over Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and Annam (central Vietnam).
- Cochinchina (southern Vietnam) had already been annexed as a French colony in 1862.
2. Cambodia:
- Cambodia became a French protectorate earlier, through the Treaty of Protection (1863) signed with King Norodom.
- The treaty was further reinforced as part of French Indochina after the Treaty of Hue.
3. Laos:
- Laos was integrated into French Indochina following the Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1893, which forced Siam (modern-day Thailand) to cede territories east of the Mekong River to France.
### Impact:
The treaties collectively laid the groundwork for the establishment of French Indochina in 1887, comprising Vietnam, Cambodia, and later Laos. These agreements formalized French colonial dominance in the region.
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